How much Chicken Is Consumed By Indonesian People
Authored by : Aulia Maqfira | 29 December 2020
How much chicken is consumed by Indonesian people
The consumption of purebred chicken meat per capita / year of Indonesian people in 2017 was 5.68 kg per capita / year, an increase of 573 grams (11.2%) compared to consumption in the previous year. Meanwhile, the consumption of native chicken meat was 782 grams per capita / year, an increase of 156 grams (24.9%) from the previous year. The proliferation of culinary dishes made from chicken meat, from roadside stalls to shopping centers, has resulted in an upward trend in chicken meat consumption throughout 2013-2017 as seen in the chart below. For information, broiler chicken meat production in 2017 reached 2.14 million tons, an increase of 97 thousand tons (4.75%) from the previous year of only 2.04 million tons. Production of broiler meat in 2013 only reached 1.54 million tons and continues to show an increase until 2017.
Free-range chicken is a traditional chicken in Indonesia whose life is closely related to humans. Free-range chicken has been integrated into the agrarian lifestyle of Indonesians since time immemorial. This is because in ancient times there were no metropolitan cities like now and only simple villages have become our traditional chickens called native chickens.
Why is it raised? The problem is, if someone asks then it is appropriate for someone to try to fulfill that request. If anyone wants to buy or look for free-range chicken meat, it is appropriate for someone to raise free-range chicken. The more people who ask, the more people are willing to fulfill the request through raising free-range chickens as well as as retailers and distributors.
The high demand for free-range chicken eggs and meat is more due to the taste that has stuck to the tongue of the public. When viewed from a productivity perspective, native chickens are actually “not feasible” to cultivate. This is because the egg production is small and it takes> 12 months to reach the selling age (meat). Although, currently there have been many studies that can accelerate the harvest period for free-range chicken meat to 60 days. In fact, there are superior native chicken types that can be harvested at the age of 6 weeks (research results from Dr. Ir. M. Aman Yaman, M. Agric. Sc. From Syiah Kuala University, Aceh). However, still the productivity of native chickens cannot be equated with purebred chickens.
Although free-range chickens are “not suitable” to be cultivated, the demand is still high. Therefore, if you are going to cultivate free-range chickens, you should know a few things about these chickens.
1) Many people do not realize that the abilities between purebred chickens and native chickens are different. So, don’t confuse everything between native chickens and purebred chickens. They are both chickens, but they have different abilities. If you equate free-range chicken with purebred chickens, technical problems will spread and lead to losses and disappointments. A technical problem that can lead to disappointment is the long harvest period. If there is not enough working capital during the waiting period or the rearing period, there will definitely be disappointments.
2) Free-range chickens are not efficient chickens in utilizing food, but have good adaptability to their environment. In addition, his genetic makeup (immortality or hereditary traits) is not uniform and cannot be directed. As a result, the productivity of the native chickens is very diverse. This diversity causes other diversity, such as diversity in health (resistance to a disease) or diversity in harvest time. All of that can certainly be a problem if not addressed immediately.
3) For native chickens there is no term “native broilers and laying native chickens”. This is because native chickens lay eggs as well as poultry and have meat like animals in general. It is the consumer demand factor that determines the farmer who wants to sell eggs or sell his meat (cut chicken).
4) The consequence of the first point is not to expect that at two months of age native chicks can be sold as broilers. At that age the native chicks are not as big as an adult’s fist or are still very small. The age of harvest for native chickens is indeed long, more than one year.
5) There are native chickens that start laying eggs at the age of six months. However, it should be noted that the diversity is great, meaning that between plans and reality can be different. This happens because native chickens do not have uniform genetics. Therefore, it is around eight months before the eggs can be sold. That is, if the food and health are good.
6) Due to the slow growth and ability to lay eggs, there is a waste of working capital. Meanwhile, depreciation continues and fixed costs continue to come out. It must be realized that harvest time for native chickens is indeed slow so that the rate of return on capital is slow. However, this situation will not occur if we use a sequential system (continuous or group).
7) Female native chickens can lay eggs even without a male (one of the characteristics of a poultry breed). This must be remembered for those of you who want to raise free-range chickens that are specially taken for eggs and later on to sell the old females as slices. It is wrong to think that native hens do not lay eggs if they are not married. This principle is true for mammals (animals that feed their young through their nipples and udders) because mammals lay eggs and raise their young in their bodies. Birds such as native chickens lay eggs by removing the eggs from their bodies. It’s just that these unmarried eggs cannot be hatched so they are only for consumption eggs. If you want to sell eggs like that, you don’t need a male, which saves space and food (roosters need to eat more). If you want to sell free-range chicks, you have to look after the rooster too so that the eggs produced by the hen will have shoots. These eggs are called hatching eggs.
Technically, free-range chickens are actually relatively easy to raise because of their adaptability to the environment that has been going on since ancient times. Only the productivity is low or the yield of eggs and meat is not much (per head of course). Thus, in principle you don’t need to look for various advantages of free-range chickens like purebred chickens. Accept the native chicken, that is precisely the strength of the native chicken.
Reference : https://www.pertanianku.com/perbedaan-antara-ayam-kampung-dan-ayam-ras/. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2019/01/09/berapa-konsumsi-daging-ayam-per-kapita-masyarakat.
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